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Glaucoma is often referred to as the "silent thief of sight" because it typically develops without noticeable symptoms until significant damage has already occurred. This progressive eye disease affects millions of people worldwide and is one of the leading causes of blindness. Understanding its causes, types, and the importance of regular testing can help protect your vision and ensure early intervention.
 

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is essential for transmitting visual information from your eyes to your brain. This damage is often caused by abnormally high pressure in the eye, also known as intraocular pressure (IOP). However, glaucoma can also occur with normal eye pressure, making regular eye exams vital for early detection.
 

Causes of Glaucoma

Several factors can contribute to the development of glaucoma, including:
 

• Increased Intraocular Pressure (IOP): The most common cause is a buildup of aqueous humor, the fluid in the eye, which fails to drain properly.
   

• Genetics: A family history of glaucoma significantly increases your risk.
   

• Age: People over 60 are more likely to develop glaucoma.
   

• Medical Conditions: Conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, and certain medications can increase the risk.
   

• Eye Injuries: Trauma to the eye can lead to secondary glaucoma.
   

• Corneal Thickness and Optic Nerve Structure: Certain eye anatomy features can also elevate risk.
   

Types of Glaucoma

Understanding the different types of glaucoma can help you better recognize the risks and symptoms:
 

1. Open-Angle Glaucoma: The most common type, it develops gradually as the drainage angle in the eye remains open but becomes less effective at draining fluid. There are usually no early symptoms, making regular eye exams critical.
 

2. Angle-Closure Glaucoma: This occurs when the drainage angle is blocked, leading to a sudden increase in IOP. Symptoms include severe eye pain, blurred vision, headache, and nausea. It requires immediate medical attention.
 

3. Normal-Tension Glaucoma: Even with normal IOP, optic nerve damage can occur due to poor blood flow or nerve vulnerability. This type is often diagnosed through routine eye exams.
 

4. Congenital Glaucoma: A rare form present at birth, it occurs when a child’s eye drainage system is underdeveloped.
 

5. Secondary Glaucoma: Caused by another condition, such as eye injury, inflammation, or the use of certain medications like corticosteroids.
 

Why Glaucoma Testing Is Important

Glaucoma can cause irreversible damage, but early detection and treatment can slow or stop its progression. Regular comprehensive eye exams, especially for individuals at higher risk, are essential for maintaining long-term eye health.
 

Key Tests for Glaucoma: 
 

• Tonometry: Measures intraocular pressure.
   

• Visual Field Test: Assesses peripheral vision loss, a common sign of glaucoma.
   

• Optic Nerve Imaging: Detects changes in the optic nerve.
   

• Gonioscopy: Examines the drainage angle in the eye.
   

• Pachymetry: Measures corneal thickness, which can affect IOP readings.
   

Take Charge of Your Eye Health at Super Optical Express

The key to managing glaucoma is early detection. We prioritize your vision and offer advanced glaucoma screenings as part of our comprehensive eye exams. Don’t let the silent thief of sight go unnoticed—protect your vision for years to come.
 

Contact Super Optical Express to book your eye exam and learn more about our cutting-edge diagnostic tools and personalized care for glaucoma management. Visit our office in Gainesville, Florida, or call (352) 702-9700 to book an appointment today.